From there on out, Dr. Anderson was a major supporter and confidant of Henry Flagler, often acting as his business liaison in St. Augustine when Flagler was out of town. [62], Flagler was entombed in the Flagler family mausoleum at Memorial Presbyterian Church in St. Augustine alongside his first wife, Mary Harkness; daughter, Jenny Louise; and granddaughter, Marjorie. However, a great cloud of bad luck was soon to fall over the Flagler family. It was initially intended to house entertainment amenities for the Ponce de Leon guests but was soon reimagined as its own hotel. We Floridians have a very specific image of Henry Flagler in our minds: he is an old man with bright eyes cast in bronze. University Press of Florida. He is known as the father of St. Augustine, Mia Henry Flalger entombed on the right Jennie Louise is currently entombed inside of the church with her infant daughter, Majorie, in her arms. "[35], Flagler and Rockefeller continued to consolidate their oil interests as best they could until New Jersey, in 1909, changed its incorporation laws to effectively allow a re-creation of the trust in the form of a single holding company. Dan married Lamon's eldest daughter, Isabella, in 1849 (yes, they were first cousins). I wish I had the brains to think of it. [52] A spouse's mental incapacity was later restored by the legislature as a grounds for dissolution of marriage, and remains the law of Florida today. [54] Built in 1902 as a wedding present to Mary Lily, Whitehall (now the Flagler Museum) was a 60,000-square-foot (5,600m) winter retreat that established the Palm Beach "season" of about 812 weeks, for the wealthy of America's Gilded Age. He never recovered and died in Palm Beach of his injuries on May 20, 1913 at 83 years of age. George Matthews, great-grandson of Henry Morrison Flagler, has served as the Flagler Museum's president for the past 42 years. She was the mother of his three children. Smith helped train the masons on the mixing and pouring techniques he used on Zorayda. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio. He was the baby of the household, being born several years after the youngest of his siblings. First A Little On Henry Flagler. Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York, to Reverend and Mrs. Isaac Flagler. (To get a first-hand account of the journey from New York to St. Augustine, visit our page on Constance Fenimore Woolson's article "The Ancient City In Two Parts," which was published in Harper's New Monthly Magazine in 1874.). The voyage was harrowing and long northern tourists traveled by railroad, steamship, and mule-driven omnibus. Flagler completed the 1,100-room Royal Poinciana Hotel on the shores of Lake Worth in Palm Beach and extended his railroad to its service town, West Palm Beach, by 1894, founding Palm Beach and West Palm Beach. Seven years later he became a senior salesman with a salary of $ 400 per year. It kept oil prices low to stave off competitors, made its products affordable to the average household, and, to increase market penetration, sometimes sold below cost if necessary. In February of 1885, the couple took a delayed honeymoon to St. Augustine Ida Alice was thirty-seven and Henry Flagler was fifty-five. '"[42] Flagler served as an active part of Standard Oil until 1882, when he stepped back to take a secondary role at Standard Oil. Throughout it all, Mary was made to brave her condition without her husband, who had taken to staying at the Buckingham Hotel in New York, completely immersed in the business of Standard Oil. The land owners were Julia Tuttle, whom he had met in Cleveland, Ohio, and William Brickell, who ran a trading post on the Miami River. In fact, this was a struggle that was occurring all over the country. Through his work with the Harkness company, Henry Flagler made the acquaintance of John D. Rockefeller. Two years later, Flagler built the Palm Beach Inn (renamed The Breakers in 1901), overlooking the Atlantic Ocean in Palm Beach. Carolina Story: Virtual Museum of University History", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Lily_Kenan_Flagler_Bingham&oldid=1125142626, This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 11:49. In fact, the exterior bares a memorial script to his daughter who perished giving birth to his . [56][57], When the Department of Justice prosecuted four Flagler employment agents in 1908 for "conspiracy to hold workmen in peonage and slavery," the Flagler-owned The Florida Times-Union and other Florida newspapers depending on the Times-Union for material or owned by Flagler published articles to "influence juries and public opinion." Henry Flagler didn't leave the sanitarium wanting, however, as Alice's estate (to which only her Flagler-hired guardians had direct access) was full of Standard Oil stocks. As he grew older, he became determined to never be poor again. The couple had two daughters, Jennie Louise, born in 1855, and Carrie, born in 1858. He was born in New York. "[40], By 1892, Standard Oil had a monopoly over all oil refineries in the United States. Equivalent to a 15% discount, they put Standard Oil in position to significantly undercut other oil refineries. As we know, Flagler's business activity in Florida had earned him the attention of the public as well as state officials. Augustine. Pennsylvania revoked the cartel's charter, and non-preferential rates were restored for the time being. Second Marriage, Second Sojourn to St. Augustine After a time, Flagler began to turn over some of his duties at Standard Oil to younger blood. Flagler was in a special position to make those deals due to his connections as a grain merchant. Flagler was the only person to be divorced under the law before it was repealed in 1905. Harkness and Company, at a salary of $5 per month plus room and board. St. Augustine city officials and businessmen were mostly grateful that Henry Flagler had chosen their little hamlet to 'please himself' by developing it and filling it with tourists. "[24], At that time, many legislatures had made it difficult to incorporate in one state and operate in another. [26] Its share of world oil refining topped out above 90% but slowly dropped to about 80% for the rest of the century. 1888: The Ponce de Leon Hotel in St. Augustine, 1888: The Casa Monica/ Cordova Hotel in St. Augustine, 1894: The Royal Poinciana Hotel in Palm Beach (on Lake Worth), 1897: The Royal Palm Hotel on the banks of the Miami River, 1901: The Breakers Hotel in Palm Beach (on the Atlantic Coast). "The Mary Lily Kenan Conspiracy." In the early 1900s Flagler, affiliated with John D. Rockefeller in the Standard Oil Company, conceived and oversaw the construction of the Florida Keys Over-Sea Railroad, paving . [9], By 1869, there was three times more kerosene refining capacity than needed to supply the market, and the capacity remained in excess for many years. Luckily, the couple found the city to be even more promising than before. He was a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway.He is known as the father of Miami, Florida. Immediately, she began taking advantage of the fortune she had married into like any budding socialite, she loved gowns, jewelry, and yachts. Visually exquisite, the Flagler Memorial Presbyterian Church was built by Henry Flagler in 1889. In less than four months in 1872, in what was later known as "The Cleveland Conquest" or "The Cleveland Massacre", Standard Oil had absorbed 22 of its 26 Cleveland competitors. Mary Harkness had been frail since childhood and her father often sent to a boarding school Savannah, Georgia as a means of sparing her from harsh northern winters. Henry Flagler passed away May 20, 1913, and the construction of the "Over-Sea" road served as an example of his substantial impact on the state. As the 1870s progressed, Henry Flagler, John D. Rockefeller, and their families began to move from Cleveland to New York and back again about twice a year such were the demands of their beloved business. Chicago: VisitStAugustine.com. Municipal, State, and Federal government officials questioned how many limits they should place on these "Captains of Industry." This is somewhat my case. This is a major source for this Historical Person Profile highly recommended! [43], When Flagler's first wife Mary (ne Harkness) fell sick, his physician recommended they travel to Jacksonville for the winter to escape the brutal conditions of the North. In 1897, Flagler opened the exclusive Royal Palm Hotel on the north bank of the Miami River where it overlooked Biscayne Bay. Expert Help. Standard Oil also had the highest capitalization, totaling $26,000,000 (equivalent to $784million in 2021). [4], After the failure of his salt business in Saginaw, Flagler returned to Bellevue in 1866 and reentered the grain business as a commission merchant with the Harkness Grain Company. Tail tucked in shame, the destitute Flagler family moved back to Ohio in January of 1866. So, Henry was the youngest of a large mixed family. For the train, see, Alleged use of convict leasing and debt peonage, Martin, p. 56, quoting Edwin Lefevre, in "Flagler and Florida" from, Joe Knetsch, "The Peonage Controversy and the Florida East Coast Railway,", University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, "Madoff scandal stuns Palm Beach Jewish community", "292: Colonel Joseph D. Potts Leader in the Pennsylvania on LiveAuctioneers", "The Story of Convict Leasing in Florida", "Statutes & Constitution :View Statutes: Online Sunshine", "Slavery Revisited: Peonage in the South", "How slave labor built the state of Florida decades after the Civil War", "Abstracts of Reports of the Immigration Commission, Vol II", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Flagler&oldid=1125174074, Jennie Louise (March 18, 1855 March 25, 1889), Knetsch, Joe. [8] By 1872, it led the American oil refining industry, producing 10,000 barrels per day (1,600m3/d). It added its own pipelines, tank cars, and home delivery network. PROLOGUE: In 1844, Henry Flagler dropped out of school. What kind of a man was Henry Flagler and why do you think this? Melbert Cary died in 1941, and after his death Mary continued to divide her. His wife, Mary Harkness, had never been of robust health; she had borne three children. Control of the Flagler fortune largely passed into the hands of Mary Lily Kenan's family of sisters and brother, who survived into the 1960s. Anderson owned a large tract of orange groves west of the Governor's House along King Street the main thoroughfare of St. Augustine and wanted to sell it to Flagler. He was also a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. [41] Standard Oil's combined assets equalled approximately $42,882,650 (equivalent to $1.29billion in 2021[6]) in Indiana, Kentucky, New Jersey, New York and Ohio. The swamplands south of Savannah were thought of as a dangerous land of rugged enchantment where alligators lurked in the shadows and strange miasme was thought to carry diseases like yellow fever through the damp air. His father was Isaac Flagler, a Presbyterian minister and great-grandson of Zacharra Flegler, whose family had emigrated from the German Palatinate region to Holland in 1688. By 1849, Flagler was promoted to the sales staff at a salary of $40 per month. After finishing the eighth grade at fourteen, Henry followed his half-brother Dan to Ohio. Flagler originally intended West Palm Beach to be the terminus of his railroad system, but in 1894 and 1895, severe freezes hit the area, causing Flagler to reconsider. Flagler went on to build the Memorial Presbyterian Church for Jennie and her baby daughter Margery in St. Augustine. Flagler also worked as a grain merchant. There is also a monument to him on Flagler Monument Island in Biscayne Bay in Miami; Flagler College and Flagler Hospital are named after him in St. Augustine. "How Slave Labor Built the State of Florida Decades After the Civil War." [36] The court ruled that the trust originated in illegal monopoly practices and ordered it to be broken up into 34 new companies. If they refused the offer, Flagler and Rockefeller told them they would run them into bankruptcy and then cheaply buy up their assets at auction. Rather than try to influence the price of crude oil directly, Standard Oil had been exercising indirect control by altering oil storage charges to suit market conditions. Henry Flagler: A Man of Big Dreams Henry Flagler was born on January 2, 1830. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. 1. (2022) "Historical Person Profile: Henry Flagler." Those who failed to fulfill these expectations were often punished for it. Mendez, Jesus. A large portion of his estate was designated for a "niece" who was said actually to be a child born out of wedlock. After two years of institutionalization and much assessment by the courts, Ida Alice Shourds Flagler was legally ruled incurably insane in 1899. He was 14 years old, and leaving the home of his parents in Hopewell, N.J., to . Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. Jul 1, 2020 - Explore Patricia Cipolla's board "Henry Flagler" on Pinterest. When the city was incorporated in 1896, its citizens wanted to honor the man responsible for its growth by naming it "Flagler". Rockefeller retained his nominal title as president until 1911 and he kept his stock. (bosses daughter) Mary Harkness (step cousin) 1853. As elated as the couple was to meet their first and only son, her condition made planning for Harry's future feel disturbingly somber. 784Million in 2021 ) his stock Rockefeller retained his nominal title as president until and! 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