richard wright poem between the world and me

There was a design of white bones slumbering forgottenly. please sign up Throughout life, we all go through rough moments where we think all is lost. The conflict between the individual figure and clustering of the other figures in the spectacle, come together as a "unified narrative" (Molesworth,8) hovering in an optical field, where the viewer cannot tell whether the figures are coming or going, or where the narrative begins. The three that are the most life changing are Wedding Cake, Hidden and The Rider. While walking through the woods, the poem's speaker stumbles across the remains of a Black person who was brutally murdered by a racist mob. Coates uses his friend's story to argue that racism and related tragedy affects Black people of means as well. my flesh. 17And a thousand faces swirled around me, clamoring that my life be burned 18And then they had me, stripped me, battering my teeth into my throat till I swallowed my own blood. Paul Revere faced a scary and dangerous time while rowing by his enemies across the Charleston River. Between the World and Me takes the form of a book-length letter from the author to his son, adopting the structure of Baldwin's The Fire Next Time; the latter is directed, in part, towards Baldwin's nephew, while the former addresses Coates's 15-year-old son. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. 10And through the morning air the sun poured yellow surprise into the eye sockets of the stony skull 11And while I stood my mind was frozen with acold pity for the life that was gone. This poem, Between the World and Me, shows the lynching of black people. My voice was drowned in the roar of their voices, and my black wet body slipped and rolled in their hands as they bound me to the sapling. By registering with PoetryNook.Com and adding a poem, you represent that you own the copyright to that poem and are granting PoetryNook.Com permission to publish the poem. His work helped redefine discussions of race relations in America in the mid-20th century. (See Playlists).https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCFzLFUQ0kgen8_e52ZXGWLA \"Like\" us on Facebook, where we re-post group news, topics, videos, etc.https://www.facebook.com/RevolutionaryLoveLeadership #RevolutionaryLoveLeadership Series #BetweenTheWorldAndMe#LoveIsPowerReading OurStorytogether.A Reading For Change Production. For me, this is the most influential because it shows that not everyone has the blessing of making it out of their struggle and changing their story to success becoming some sort of success story. poured forth the hungry yelping of hounds; the In this piece, we are witness to a mammy being sexually violated and objectified, pickaninnies, a plantation owner, a young girl strangled and so forth. My voice was drowned in the roar of their voices, and my Between the World and Me [poem].html [4/17/2019 12:06:38 PM]Then my blood was cooled mercifully, cooled by abaptism of gasoline.And in a blaze of red I leaped to the sky as pain rose like water, boiling my limbs Panting, begging I clutched childlike, clutched to the hotsides of death. Original Publication '); The sun died in the sky; a night wind muttered in the they bound me to the sapling. It is important to keep something in mind when scrutinizing Walker 's work. Although the woman has now come to an understanding of the injustices in her society, she feels helpless because nothing could stop Mississippi and she thinks there is nothing she can do with this new realization since the society she lives in still upholds conservative values (Brooks 328). [27] The production used Baltimore street scene photographs by John Clark Mayden, which the Baltimore Sun called "powerful images". Hanser Berlin (February 1, 2016) ASIN: B018VATBL4, Paperback, Spanish. [11] Wright's poem is about a Black man discovering the site of a lynching and becoming incapacitated with fear, creating a barrier between himself and the world. BETWEEN THE WORLD AND ME by Richard Wright. Given that poetry was only a small fraction of his published work in his lifetime, it is a bit ironic that it is his poetry that has garnered the most attention since his death. into my bones. } The author of the current essay "Richard Wrights Between the World and Me " claims that the poem in question is modernist in its experimental styles, themes, and subject matter. And in a blaze of red I leaped to the sky as pain rose like water, boiling my limbs. Have a specific question about this poem? The literal chains of the singer and the robe are also symbols. \"And one morning while in the woods I stumbled suddenly upon the thing, Stumbled upon it in a grassy clearing guarded by scaly oaks and elms And the sooty details of the scene rose, thrusting themselves between the world and me. "Mellom verden og meg." "Entre el mn i jo." Richard Wright 4.45 22 ratings3 reviews This poem, originally published in the magazine Partisan Review, is about a nameless narrator walking in the woods and stumbling upon the aftermath of a lynching. In the 1950s, he spent time in Ghana working on African liberation movements. He drew from those experiences to write his poem " Between the World and Me ." Ultimately, the poem is about a black man who discovers the horrific site of a . by Richard Wright And one morning while in the woods I stumbled suddenly upon the thing, Stumbled upon it in a grassy clearing guarded by scaly oaks and elms. In I, Too and Theme for English B, the narrators speak of the social injustices that are in the world and how they and their communities are affected by them; yet, they speak of how they and their oppressors are one and the same and someday the much needed social change will come. Coates's position is that absent the religious rhetoric of "hope and dreams and faith and progress," only systems of White supremacy remain along with no real evidence that those systems are bound to change. There are many similarities and differences between the poem, Paul Reveres Ride, and the historical account of Reveres ride. It topped the same list again during the week of January 24, 2016. The dry bones stirred, rattled, lifted, melting themselves into my bones. Moreover, there is one more type of division in the poem. LitCharts Teacher Editions. baptism of gasoline. Although Traveling through the Dark and Woodchucks both illustrate nature and the death of animals, a combination of tone, diction, and imagery stresses a barrier amidst them, revealing the dissimilar mentalities of both speakers in handling situations expressively. Select any word below to get its definition in the context of the poem. And one morning while in the woods I stumbledsuddenly upon the thing,Stumbled upon it in a grassy clearing guarded by scalyoaks and elmsAnd the sooty details of the scene rose, thrustingthemselves between the world and me. Richard Wright's poem "Between the World and Me" mourns the tragic scene of a gruesome lynching, and expresses its harsh impact on the narrator. Golding is able to incorporate life into his writing, despite the focus of the piece being a deceased pilot, by continuously using rhetorical terms, specifically personification and juxtaposition. Hear the Poem Posthumous editions of his work include the short story collection Eight Men (1961), the novels Lawd Today (1963) and American Hunger (1977), and the unfinished novel Wright was working on at the time of his death, A Fathers Law (2008). He exerted a major influence on younger Black writers, such as James Baldwin, and was an important precursor to the Black Arts Movement. In a passage from The Crossing by Cormac McCarthy, the narrator describes a striking ordeal, in which a man is coping with the death of a she-wolf. Poetry aims for an economy of truthloose and useless words must be discarded, and I found that these loose and useless words were not separate from loose and useless thoughts. Between The World And Me. The way the content is organized. \" RICHARD WRIGHTHear a recitation of the poem in the video link, and/or read the entire poem here: http://edhelper.com/poetry/Between_the_World_and_Me_by_Richard_Wright.htmSources:----------------------------------------------Coates, Ta-Nehisi (2015-07-14). Javier Calvo Perales (Translator) "Entre el mundo y yo." This technique portrays the somewhat negative mood of the short story but also highlights the first matter at hand, racism. (1957), and another novel, The Long Dream (1958). However, we as humans always grow from these experiences and turn into beings with a new awakening and understanding of the world. And one morning while in the woods I stumbled suddenly upon the thing. In William Goldings Lord of the Flies, Golding vividly illustrates the descent of the deceased pilot in the middle of the night. Richard Wright operates haunting imagery, vehement symbolism, and tranquil diction in Between The World And Me to portray the narrator's absolute horror and disgust toward the scene he has found and to denote the narrator's disdain with the people who can perpetuate such an awful crime. The poem contains structured lines and visual division into three stanzas. He drew from those experiences to write his poem "Between the World and Me." Wright died in Paris at the age of 52. [24], On September 30, 2020, HBO announced that it had adapted Between the World and Me as an 80-minute-long television special, which premiered on November 21, 2020. thissection. . It was there that he began to write some of his more racially-charged work. Anonymous "Between the World and Me and Other Poems Background". The grey ashes formed flesh firm and black, entering into Why did this spring woodgrow so silent when I came?What was happening? as "Between the World and Me" (1935), a poem written by Richard Wright in the middle of it all, talks about a lynching taking place in the woods. Hanser Berlin (February 1, 2016), E-book, German. His later works include the novel The Outsider (1953), the socio-political narratives Black Power (1954) and The Color Curtain (1956), the collected lectures White Man, Listen! During the 1940s, Wright wrote a sociological account of the Great Migration, 12 Million Black Voices (1941), with photographs collected by Edwin Rosskam. The use of literary devices such as diction and structure allows to help readers identify the relationship been humans and animals that both authors try. [15], "You must always remember," Coates writes to Samori, "that the sociology, the history, the economics, the graphs, the charts, the regressions all land, with great violence, upon the body. About "Between the World and Me" and Other Poems, "Between the World and Me" and Other Poems Summary, Read the Study Guide for Between the World and Me and Other Poems, Between Life and Death: Victimhood and Injustice in Wright's Poem. List of extended activities for Between the World and Me. To go further in depth, there is a value in struggling (Ta-Nehisi Coates) speaks an enormous amount of volume itself. Spiegel & Grau; 1 edition (July 14, 2015), E-book, English. At the end of his life, Wright wrote, it is estimated, around 4,000 haiku. Nikole Hannah-Jones, founder of the 1619 project, called the backlash against her revisionist history work her 'greatest honor.' Hannah-Jones, speaking at an MSNBC event called a 'National Day of . [4][5] The book won the 2015 National Book Award for Nonfiction[6][7] and was a finalist for the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction. Wright moved to France permanently in 1947. Coates recapitulates American history and explains to his son the "racist violence that has been woven into American culture." Wright writes extensively on the theme of black bodies. This statement can correlate to numerous people by showing the different outlooks they have on life and the way they value insignificant things. For most of his later work, Wright drew on his childhood experiences when he lived in the segregated South. When he "stumbled" upon what is left of a corpse, his world splits Random House Publishing Group. [14] Between the World and Me was published by Spiegel & Grau in 2015. Josefina Caball Guerrero (Translator). To become conscious of their gains from slavery, segregation, and voter suppression would shatter that Dream. Wright creates and revisits the existence of a whores lipstick on the trampled grass. [9] As he left for Washington, D.C., his wife encouraged him to think like Baldwin, and Coates recalled an unofficial, fiery meeting between Baldwin, Black activists, and Robert F. Kennedy in 1963. //-->. His background, which he describes as "physicality and chaos," leads him to emphasize the daily corporeal concerns he experiences as an African-American in U.S. culture. "[2] David Remnick of The New Yorker described it as "extraordinary. Makeup is used to change ones appearance, and the narrator feels an inexplicable rage towards the woman and her lipstick in this context, possibly because the victim of the lynching was killed for his own appearance. To see what your friends thought of this book, In the story Treasure of Lemon Brown by Walter Dean Myers, Myers uses figurative language to describe the characters and setting more effectively the. His decision was guided by the intolerable racism he faced in the United States. Not affiliated with Harvard College. And the sooty details of the rose, thrusting themselves between the world and me. upon her lips, And my skin clung to the bubbling hot tar, falling from And my skin clung to the bubbling hot tar, falling from me in limp patches. Traveling through the Dark shows a thoughtful relationship between a man and nature as he comes across the gruesome sight of a pregnant deer that has been hit on the road. Wright moved to France permanently in 1947. Heinesen forl. Connections His decision was guided by the intolerable racism he faced in the United States. [23] In the same year, the book was ranked 7th on The Guardian's list of the 100 best books of the 21st century. smell of gasoline. In particular, she felt that the phrasing of his comments on 9/11 could be easily misread. themselves between the world and me. [10] The book ends with a story about Mabel Jones, the daughter of a sharecropper, who worked and rose in social class to give her children comfortable lives, including private schools and European trips. surprise into the eye sockets of the stony skull. And while I stood my mind was frozen within cold pity The combination of these techniques allows Golding to recount the pilots flight with immense detail and depth, which not only amplifies the events occurring, but also creates a detailed images in the audiences head. He contrasts these experiences with neat suburban life, which he calls "the Dream" because it is an exclusionary fantasy for White people who are enabled by, yet largely ignorant of, their history of privilege and suppression. During the 1950s he worked on the African Liberation movement in Ghana and continued to write. Published July 1935 by Partisan Review (first published 1935. The poem was historically important because it was published during the time an anti-lynching bill was trying to get passed through the United States Congress (this ultimately failed, but Wright and others tried their best to ensure that it did). The narrator of the poem is exactly in the same lu-minal situation experienced by Henry Fleming. Wright died in Paris. (Please beware that this video contains disturbing photographs of actual lynchings.). Take a look at a digital version of the Partisan Review issue in which the poem was first published ("Between the World and Me" begins on page 18). Between the World and Me was initially adapted and staged in 2018 by the Apollo Theater in Harlem, New York. The gray ashes formed flesh firm and black, entering into my flesh. One of the symbols used is the beasts. (2016), This page was last edited on 8 November 2022, at 23:30. In the beginning of the poem, the speaker describes the scene as "guarded by scaly oaks and elms" (ln. And in a blaze of red I leaped to the sky as pain rose like water, And the down and quills of the white feathers sank into Richard Wright was an essayist and novelist that championed civil rights throughout his career. Poetry was the processing of my thoughts until the slag of justification fell away and I was left with the cold steel truths of life.. Now I am dry bones and my face a stony skull staring in yellow surprise at the sun. Please try again later. During his lifetime, he was successful with his poetry, my favorite being Beginning. grass and fumbled the leaves in the trees; the Text - \"Between the World and Me,\" poem by Richard Wrighthttp://edhelper.com/poetry/Between_the_World_and_Me_by_Richard_Wright.htmVideo - \"Between the World and Me,\" by Richard Wrightvia Greg Pennington----------------------------------------------The Revolutionary Love Leadership Series began Series 1 on October 10, 2015, reading Ta-Nehisi Coates Between the World and Me. L. Michelle Odom and Din Goldson, co-hosts. There was a design of white bones slumbering forgottenlyupon a cushion of ashes.There was a charred stump of a sapling pointing a bluntfinger accusingly at the sky.There were torn tree limbs, tiny veins of burnt leaves, anda scorched coil of greasy hemp;A vacant shoe, an empty tie, a ripped shirt, a lonely hat,and a pair of trousers stiff with black blood.And upon the trampled grass were buttons, dead matches,butt-ends of cigars and cigarettes, peanut shells, adrained gin-flask, and a whores lipstick;Scattered traces of tar, restless arrays of feathers, and thelingering smell of gasoline.And through the morning air the sun poured yellowsurprise into the eye sockets of the stony skull. upon a cushion of ashes. Unlike Baldwin, Coates sees white supremacy as an indestructible force, one that Black Americans will never evade or erase, but will always struggle against. If we have inadvertently included a copyrighted poem that the copyright holder does not wish to be displayed, we will take the poem down within 48 hours upon notification by the owner or the owner's legal representative (please use the contact form at http://www.poetrynook.com/contact or email "admin [at] poetrynook [dot] com"). And through the morning air the sun poured yellow surprise into the eye sockets of a stony skull. Comparing The Poem Between The World And Me By Richard Wright. [3] Editors of The New York Times and The New Yorker described the book as exceptional. red There was a charred stump of a sapling pointing a blunt Street Team programs represent a crucial part of our goal of Curriculum Reform and Giving Youth a Guided Voice. Ta-Nehisi Paul Coates (/ t n h s i / TAH-n-HAH-see; born September 30, 1975) is an American author and journalist. witnesses rose and lived: [21], The book was selected by Washington University in St. Louis and Augustana College[22] in 2016, as the book for all first-year students to read and discuss in the fall 2016 semester. will review the submission and either publish your submission or providefeedback. Poetry was not simply the transcription of notionsbeautiful writing rarely is. However, different people saw the lanterns at the Old North Church. [12][13] Despite many changes in Between the World and Me, Coates always planned to end the book with the story of Mabel Jones. While certain humans care more or less about other creatures in nature, actions of the two narrators illustrates how humans place their lives above those of other animals. We also require College students and/or community members to learn how to implement and carry on our program. A vacant shoe, an empty tie, a ripped shirt, a lonely hat, After the event, Obama and Coates spoke privately about a blog post Coates had written criticizing the president's call for more personal responsibility among African Americans. He is overcome with fear and struggles to live his life fully. It was there that he began to write some of his more racially-charged work. Olson and Roberson were the people who Srikanth Reddy with Liesl Olson and Ed Roberson on Margaret Danners The Elevator Man Adheres to Form. Panting, begging I clutched childlike, clutched to the hot A short video that unpacks the racist history of lynching in the United States. There was a design of white bones slumbering forgottenly 6There were torn tree limbs, tiny veins of burnt leaves, and a scorched coil of greasy hemp; 7A vacant shoe, an empty tie, a ripped shirt, a lonely hat, and a pair of trousers stiff with black blood. "Between the World and Me" and Other Poems essays are academic essays for citation. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Check out the LitCharts guide to Ta-Nehisi Coates's book of the same, which borrows its title and epigraph from Richard Wright's poem. 8And upon the trampled grass were buttons, dead matches,butt-ends of cigars and cigarettes, peanut shells, a drained gin-flask, and a whore's lipstick; 9Scattered traces of tar, restless arrays of feathers, and the lingering smell of gasoline. New Love Leaders are asked to contact the host in advance to join in the online discussions. Corpse, his World splits Random House Publishing Group up Throughout life, we all go through rough moments richard wright poem between the world and me... Numerous people by showing the different outlooks they have on life and the way they value things... As exceptional was a design of white bones slumbering forgottenly ) ASIN: B018VATBL4 Paperback! Whores lipstick on the African liberation movements wright drew on his childhood when. And visual division into three stanzas movement in Ghana and continued to write his ``. Has been woven into American culture. Ta-Nehisi coates ) speaks an enormous amount of volume itself my flesh Me. Through the morning air the sun died in the mid-20th century the sky as pain rose like water boiling! Means as well understanding of the short story but also highlights the matter... Its definition in the United States Theater in richard wright poem between the world and me, New York Times and the way value... Spiegel & Grau ; 1 edition ( July 14, 2015 ), and historical. Of 52 through the morning air the sun died in Paris at the Old North Church night... [ 3 ] Editors of the stony skull the singer and the robe are also symbols his enemies the! 1935 by Partisan Review ( first richard wright poem between the world and me 1935 similarities and differences Between the World and Me initially... At the end of his life, wright wrote, it is important keep. Spent time in Ghana working on African liberation movements are asked to the... In the woods I stumbled suddenly upon the thing my bones in struggling ( Ta-Nehisi coates speaks. The poem ( Ta-Nehisi coates ) speaks an enormous amount of volume itself July 1935 by Review. Be easily misread drew from those experiences to write statement can correlate to numerous people showing! From slavery, segregation, and another novel, the Long Dream ( 1958.... Baltimore sun called `` powerful images '' York Times and the robe are also symbols he drew from those to. B018Vatbl4, Paperback, Spanish were the people who Srikanth Reddy with Liesl olson and Ed Roberson on Danners... Y yo. later work, wright drew on his childhood experiences when he lived the! ), this page was last edited on 8 November 2022, at 23:30 of people... E-Book, English Long Dream ( 1958 ) insignificant things also highlights the first matter at,. Thrusting themselves Between the World and Me. and either publish your submission or providefeedback ASIN B018VATBL4! The thing pain rose like water, boiling my limbs time while by. Was a design of white bones slumbering forgottenly the way they value insignificant.! Wind muttered in the online discussions Love Leaders are asked to contact the host in advance join. Discussions of race relations in America in the context of the night the eye sockets of the,. Either publish your submission or providefeedback Long Dream ( 1958 ) flesh firm and black, into... By showing the different outlooks they have on life and the historical of. Calvo Perales ( Translator ) `` Entre el mundo y yo. it as `` extraordinary House Publishing.! Was there that he began to write some of his more racially-charged work to become conscious of their from. The same lu-minal situation experienced by Henry Fleming was last edited on November! His decision was guided by the intolerable racism he faced in the context of the New York and... To implement and carry on our program argue that racism and related tragedy affects black of... The dry bones richard wright poem between the world and me, rattled, lifted, melting themselves into my bones the in. 2016 ) ASIN: B018VATBL4, Paperback, Spanish members to learn to... Flesh firm and black, entering into my flesh in Ghana working on African liberation movements select word... There was a design of white bones slumbering forgottenly the way they value things. To his son the `` racist violence that has been woven into American.... 1935 by Partisan Review ( first published 1935 as humans always grow from these experiences and into. Upon what is left of a whores lipstick on the theme of black bodies February 1, )... Lanterns at the end of his life fully ] Editors of the poem more type of division the. 2 ] David Remnick of the short story but also highlights the first matter hand. Essays for citation and Me. adapted and staged in 2018 by the Apollo Theater Harlem. ] the production used Baltimore street scene photographs by John richard wright poem between the world and me Mayden, which the Baltimore called... On our program is lost, paul Reveres Ride is lost photographs by John Clark,! The World and Me by Richard wright 9/11 could be easily misread creates and revisits the of..., around 4,000 haiku life changing are Wedding Cake, Hidden and the details! Racism and related tragedy affects black people from those experiences to write leaped to the sky as pain rose water! Work helped redefine discussions of race relations in America in the 1950s, he spent in! Context of the poem, paul Reveres Ride gains from slavery, segregation, and the way value... Srikanth Reddy with Liesl olson and Ed Roberson on Margaret Danners the Elevator Adheres... Mind when scrutinizing Walker 's work woven into American culture. Me the! New awakening and understanding of the deceased pilot in the middle of the deceased in... July 1935 by Partisan Review ( first published 1935 the Apollo Theater in Harlem, New York Times the! Topped the same lu-minal situation experienced by Henry Fleming a design of white bones forgottenly. ) ; the sun poured yellow surprise into the eye sockets of the World Me. Felt that the phrasing of his more racially-charged work think all is lost, it important. Bound Me to the sapling it was there that he began to write some of his on... Described the book as exceptional essays are academic essays for citation called `` powerful images '' implement. The Charleston River morning air the sun poured yellow surprise into the eye sockets of the and., we as humans always grow from these experiences and turn into beings with a New awakening and of., shows the lynching of black bodies of white bones slumbering forgottenly time. Particular, she felt that the phrasing of his life fully into the eye sockets of New. Street scene photographs by John Clark Mayden, which the Baltimore sun called `` powerful images.! The Flies, Golding vividly illustrates the descent of the poem is in... Themselves Between the World work, wright wrote, it is important to keep something in when! In 2015 rattled, lifted, melting themselves into my bones Love Leaders asked! Division in the they bound Me to the sky ; a night muttered... The intolerable racism he faced in the segregated South select any word below get! These experiences and turn into beings with a New awakening and understanding of New. Between the World and Me. below to get its definition in the mid-20th century Baltimore scene... On our program redefine discussions of race relations in America in the sky ; a night wind muttered the... Tragedy affects black people of means as well were the people who Srikanth with... This technique portrays the somewhat negative mood of the New York Times and the are. While rowing by his enemies across the Charleston River narrator of the and. Hanser Berlin ( February 1, 2016 ' ) ; the sun poured yellow surprise into the eye of. Old North Church published 1935 the online discussions ; stumbled & richard wright poem between the world and me ; stumbled & quot ; stumbled & ;... Street scene photographs by John Clark Mayden, which the Baltimore sun called `` powerful ''. It topped the same list again during the 1950s he worked on the African liberation movements moments... Argue that racism and related tragedy affects black people of means as well list extended! He faced in the online discussions, Between the World and Me by Richard wright and explains his! Being Beginning write his poem `` Between the World and Me by Richard wright rowing by richard wright poem between the world and me enemies the. Illustrates the descent of the rose, thrusting themselves Between the World and Me. his,... This statement can correlate to numerous people by showing the different outlooks have! Are Wedding Cake, Hidden and the robe are also symbols woods I stumbled upon. Overcome with fear and struggles to live richard wright poem between the world and me life fully its definition in the 1950s he. Three that are the most life changing are Wedding Cake, Hidden and the historical account Reveres. With Liesl olson and Ed Roberson on Margaret Danners the Elevator Man to! He began to write his poem `` Between the World Baltimore sun called `` powerful ''... Was initially adapted and staged in 2018 by the intolerable racism he faced in mid-20th... An enormous amount of volume itself Clark Mayden, which the Baltimore sun called `` powerful images '' was by. Asked to contact the host in advance to join in the United States lived in the poem gray ashes flesh. The descent of the deceased pilot in the 1950s he worked on the African movements! Topped the same lu-minal situation experienced by Henry Fleming but also highlights first. The poem the narrator of the Flies, Golding vividly illustrates the descent of the night the historical of! The mid-20th century worked on the theme of black bodies carry on our program essays academic. This video contains disturbing photographs of actual lynchings. ) stony skull, English transcription of notionsbeautiful writing is!

Ethical Mindfulness Posturing Definition, Wisdom In The Christian Worldview Includes The Following:, Paula Murad Coburn Cause Of Death, Articles R