This party would then lay supply depots across the Great Ice Barrier as far as the Beardmore Glacier; these depots would hold the food and fuel that would enable Shackleton's party to complete their journey of 1,800 miles (2,900km) across the continent. [76], Shackleton published details of his new expedition, grandly titled the "Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition", early in 1914. In January 2013, a joint British-Australian team set out to duplicate Shackleton's 1916 trip across the Southern Ocean. They found that the Barrier Inlet had expanded to form a large bay, in which were hundreds of whales, which led to the immediate christening of the area as the Bay of Whales. [59], In 1910, Shackleton made a series of three recordings describing the expedition using an Edison phonograph. Shackletons publications were The Heart of the Antarctic (1909) and South (1919), the latter an account of the Trans-Antarctic Expedition. When Shackleton returned to England in May 1917, Europe was in the midst of the First World War. Edgeworth David, reached the area of the south magnetic pole. Shackleton received a message saying the King would not be able to go. For other uses, see, Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 19141917, Modern calculations, based on Shackleton's photograph and Wilson's drawing, place the furthest point reached at 8211'. In charge of holds, stores and provisions[] He also arranges the entertainments. [76], Shackleton used his considerable fund-raising skills, and the expedition was financed largely by private donations, although the British government gave 10,000 (about 900,000 in 2019 terms). [69] The reality was that the expedition had left Shackleton deeply in debt, unable to meet the financial guarantees he had given to backers. Shackleton made his own discoveries about Antarctica, but he was not the first to explore the continent. and I said 'Yes darling, as far as I am concerned'". [101] Ship's carpenter Harry McNish made various improvements, including raising the sides, strengthening the keel, building a makeshift deck of wood and canvas, and sealing the work with oil paint and seal blood.[101]. Getty Images Ernest Shackleton's ship, Endurance, trapped in ice. He was a key figure of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The meteorologist was Captain L. Hussey, also an able banjo player. On the contrary, his heart belonged to this great continent, and in 1921 he decided to go back with the Shackleton-Rowett Expedition. One hundred years ago, his ship Endurance became hopelessly trapped in pack ice. Other crew included James, Hussey, Greenstreet, a carpenter Harry McNish, and a biologist named Clark. 05 Dec 2014 Martha Lagace. [12], During the following four years at sea, Shackleton learned his trade, visiting the far corners of the earth and forming acquaintances with a variety of people from many walks of life, learning to be at home with all kinds of men. Ernest Shackleton took Spratt's on his Nimrod (1907-1909) and Endurance (1914-1917) expeditions, where they were part of a doggy diet that also included seal meat, blubber, biscuits and pemmican, a high-energy mix of fat and protein. [94] By 17 March, their ice camp was within 60 miles (97km) of Paulet Island;[95] however, separated by impassable ice, they were unable to reach it. Ernest H. Shackleton 1874-1922. Under treacherous conditions, Shackleton's perilous journey and the subsequent rescue of all his men remains one of the most heroic stories of all time. They sailed from London on Friday, August 1, 1914, and anchored off Southend all Saturday. When did Ernest Shackleton reach Antarctica? Despite his assurances to Emily that "we are practically sure of the contract", nothing came of this scheme. [156] Asteroid 289586 Shackleton, discovered by Swiss amateur astronomer Michel Ory in 2005, was named in his memory. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. There also was Perce Blackborow who was a Welsh sailor that stowed away on the journey; although Shackleton was annoyed by this, there was no reason to turn back by the time the situation was discovered, and Blackborow was made a steward. This allowed for Shackleton to remain in control of the morale of his crew members. At the age of thirteen, he entered Dulwich College. Shackleton delayed his own departure until 27 September, meeting the ship in Buenos Aires.[85]. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton was an Anglo-Irish explorer of Antarctica who attempted to reach the South Pole. [128] He refused a proper medical examination, so Quest continued south, and on 4 January 1922, arrived at South Georgia. LONDON, Feb. 5, 2010 -- Whisky bottles belonging to the . 350,000), not through an outright gift. After a period of rest and recuperation, rather than risk putting to sea again to reach the whaling stations on the northern coast, Shackleton decided to attempt a land crossing of the island. [51], It was noted that ice conditions were unstable, precluding the establishment of a safe base there. The founder of the family was Abraham Shackleton, a Quaker, who moved to Ireland early in the eighteenth century and started a school at Ballitore, near Dublin. His handling of the ships under his command combined with his understanding of Antarctic conditions was crucial to the safety of the expeditions he undertook with Ernest Shackleton and Douglas Mawson. [126] When the party arrived in Rio de Janeiro, Shackleton suffered a suspected heart attack. An Anglo-Irish adventurer, he became a pivotal figure in the era later characterised as the "Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration", thanks to the laudable and ambitious . [50] In accordance with Shackleton's promise to Scott, the ship headed for the eastern sector of the Great Ice Barrier, arriving there on 21 January 1908. Scott's . Scott led two expeditions to the Antarctic regions: the Discovery Expedition, 1901-04, and the ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition, 1910-13. . When famed Antarctic explorer Ernest Shackleton and his crew boarded the Endurance for their fateful 1914-1916 Imperial Trans-Continental Expedition, they probably never imagined their ship's name to be quite so ominous. [13], In 1898, Shackleton joined Union-Castle Line, the regular mail and passenger carrier between Southampton and Cape Town. The story has been told and retold, and the. When Sir Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition left South Georgia Island on 5 December 1914 to assist his bid to be the first to cross the Antarctic continent, he had no idea that a year and a half later he would end up on a rescue mission trekking across the very same subantarctic island where he started. [155] That same year, on the date of what would have been Shackleton's 137th birthday, Google honoured him with a Google Doodle. The expedition's other main accomplishments included the first ascent of Mount Erebus, and the discovery of the approximate location of the South Magnetic Pole, reached on 16 January 1909, by Edgeworth David, Douglas Mawson and Alistair Mackay. [62], Besides the official honours, Shackleton's Antarctic feats were greeted in Britain with great enthusiasm. [105], On the following day, they were able, finally, to land on the unoccupied southern shore. He still harboured thoughts of returning south, even though in September 1910, having recently moved with his family to Sheringham in Norfolk, he wrote to Emily: "I am never again going South and I have thought it all out and my place is at home now". He was forced to make an 800-mile open boat journey, then cross the island of South Georgia, before the ship's crew could be rescued. [169], "Shackleton" redirects here. October 27th 1915 - The Endurance is badly damaged by the pressure of ice acting upon her and leaking, Shackleton orders her to be abandoned, stores and equipment are taken onto the sea-ice and a camp established. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 10 December 2011 (M.P.C. In his search for rapid pathways to wealth and security, he launched business ventures which failed to prosper, and he died heavily in debt. The Shackleton family are of English origin, specifically from Yorkshire. Shackleton led four expeditions to the Antarctic during his life. [73], None of these enterprises prospered, and his main source of income was his earnings from lecture tours. What did Lord Davis do in the Antarctic? Like many great tales, Shackleton's story is one of failure. Shackleton served in the British army during World War I and served as a military advisor in the multinational North Russia Expeditionary Force during the Russian Civil War. Instead, he is a hero, the leader who saved his men on one of the most horrific voyages of exploration of the 20th century. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [78] Public interest in the expedition was considerable; Shackleton received more than 5,000 applications to join it. His health suffered, and he was removed from duty and sent home on the supply ship Morning in March 1903. [8] Four years later, the family moved again, from Ireland to Sydenham in suburban London. [66] All the members of the Nimrod Expedition shore party received silver Polar Medals on 23 November, with Shackleton receiving a clasp to his earlier medal. [20] Shackleton accepted this, even though his own background and instincts favoured a different, more informal style of leadership. The party was in high spirits, despite the difficult conditions; Shackleton's ability to communicate with each man kept the party happy and focused.[53]. After a few days, with the position at 695'S, 5130'W, Shackleton gave the order to abandon ship, saying, "She's going down! (, Shackleton stood as political candidate in Dundee but finished fourth of five candidates, with 3,865 votes to the victor's 9,276. [11] The aim was the conquest of both the geographical South Pole and the South Magnetic Pole. In 2002, Shackleton was voted eleventh in a BBC poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. April 24th 1916 - Shackleton and 5 others set off in the James Caird for South Georgia.Sir Ernest Shackleton, Endurance Voyage. In the preface to his 1922 book The Worst Journey in the World, Apsley Cherry-Garrard, one of Scott's team on the Terra Nova Expedition, wrote: "For a joint scientific and geographical piece of organisation, give me Scott; for a Winter Journey, Wilson; for a dash to the Pole and nothing else, Amundsen: and if I am in the devil of a hole and want to get out of it, give me Shackleton every time". On January 4, 1922, Ernest Shackleton's ship, the Quest, finally reached South Georgia, an ice-capped island in the South Atlantic Ocean. The members of the expedition then drifted on ice floes for another five months and finally escaped in boats to Elephant Island in the South Shetland Islands, where they subsisted on seal meat, penguins, and their dogs. He was, as a shipmate recorded, "a departure from our usual type of young officer", content with his own company though not aloof, "spouting lines from Keats [and] Browning", a mixture of sensitivity and aggression but, withal, sympathetic. He was a key figure of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ernest-Henry-Shackleton, Historic UK - Sir Ernest Shackleton and Endurance, Dictionary of Irish Biography - Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton, National Library of Scotland - Biography of Ernest Shackleton, Ernest Henry Shackleton - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Ernest Shackleton - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Ernest Shackleton's South Pole expedition, British Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. [143] This negative picture of Scott became accepted as the popular truth[144] as the kind of heroism that Scott represented fell victim to the cultural shifts of the late twentieth century. In 2002, in a BBC poll conducted to determine the "100 Greatest Britons", Shackleton was ranked 11th while Scott was down in 54th place. He joined Capt. Stark images of Shackleton's struggle. Sir Ernest Shackleton had been counting on Endurance to help him make it ashore . [40] On 9 April 1904, he married Emily Dorman, with whom he had three children: Raymond, Cecily, and Edward, himself an explorer and later a politician.[41]. (Ernest Shackleton) (Perce Blackborow) Suggested answers: Shackleton:"Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified." From the sentence we can infer that Shackleton was a responsible leader.Obviously he really needed people to work for him,but the expedition was very . It is likely that many debts were not pressed and were written off. [104] The James Caird was launched on 24 April 1916; during the next fifteen days, it sailed through the waters of the southern ocean, at the mercy of the stormy seas, in constant peril of capsizing. The story of Shackleton's ill-fated journey exemplifies the strength of human spirit and one man's determination to succeed against all odds. Sir Ernest Shackleton Following the news that Roald Amudsen had become the first man to reach the South Pole, there was one great expedition left in Antarctica, to cross the continent on foot. [92], For almost two months, Shackleton and his party camped on a large, flat floe, hoping that it would drift towards Paulet Island, approximately 250 miles (402km) away, where it was known that stores were cached. It's probably fair to say that adventurer Ernest Shackleton's attempt to cross the 2,000-mile Antarctic continent in 1914 was a successful failure. [e][74], Any future resumption by Shackleton of the quest for the South Pole depended on the results of Scott's Terra Nova Expedition, which left from Cardiff in July 1910. They later learned that the same hurricane had sunk a 500-ton steamer bound for South Georgia from Buenos Aires. Antarctica Antarctica is the southernmost continent on Earth. This answer is: . On 9 April, their ice floe broke into two, and Shackleton ordered the crew into the lifeboats and to head for the nearest land. His first expedition, Discovery, took place between 1901 and 1903. Sir Ernest Shackleton, the intrepid explorer, is best remembered for embarking on a fateful voyage aboard the Endurance in a bid to cross the Antarctic. The expedition, prevented by ice from reaching the intended base site in Edward VII Peninsula, wintered on Ross Island, McMurdo Sound. Yelcho, commanded by Captain Luis Pardo, and the British whaler Southern Sky reached Elephant Island on 30 August 1916, at which point the men had been isolated there for four and a half months, and Shackleton quickly evacuated all 22men. In 1901, Shackleton was chosen to go on the Antarctic expedition led by British naval officer Robert Falcon Scott on the ship 'Discovery'. Ernest Shackleton never did reach the South Pole or cross Antarctica. Endurance was the three-masted barquentine in which Sir Ernest Shackleton and a crew of 27 men sailed for the Antarctic on the 1914-1917 Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition.The ship, originally named Polaris, was built at Framns shipyard and launched in 1912 from Sandefjord in Norway.After her commissioners could no longer pay the shipyard, the ship was bought by Shackleton in January 1914 . [123] In 1920, tired of the lecture circuit, Shackleton began to consider the possibility of a last expedition. October 10, 2012, 11:40 AM Live Oct. 11, 2012 -- Ernest Shackleton ought to have died on the Antarctic ice. Shackleton chose five companions for the journey: Frank Worsley, Endurance's captain, who would be responsible for navigation; Tom Crean, who had "begged to go"; two strong sailors in John Vincent and Timothy McCarthy, and finally the carpenter McNish. In 1915, the Endurance was. Shackleton and five others sailed 800 miles (1,300 km) to South Georgia in a whale boat, a 16-day journey across a stretch of dangerous ocean, before landing on the southern side of South Georgia. [152] In 2002, Channel 4 in the UK produced Shackleton, a TV serial depicting the 1914 expedition with Kenneth Branagh in the title role. [116], Shackleton was specially appointed a temporary major on 22 July 1918. The goal was ambitious - audacious even, considering that only 10 men had ever stood at the South Pole and 5 of those had died on the way back. Alternate titles: Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton. On Sunday afternoon Shackleton took the ship off Margate and on Monday morning Shackleton went ashore and . On 8 May, thanks to Worsley's navigational skills, the cliffs of South Georgia came into sight, but hurricane-force winds prevented the possibility of landing. (, The distance from the Pole is commonly given as 97 or 98 miles, this being the distance in nautical miles. According to Macklin's own account, Macklin told him he had been overdoing things and should try to "lead a more regular life", to which Shackleton answered: "You are always wanting me to give up things, what is it I ought to give up?" [147] Other management writers soon followed this lead, using Shackleton as an exemplar for bringing order from chaos. His . [139], During the ensuing decades Shackleton's status as a polar hero was generally outshone by that of Captain Scott, whose polar party had by 1925 been commemorated on more than 30 monuments in Britain alone, including stained glass windows, statues, busts and memorial tablets. The crew escaped by camping on the sea ice until it disintegrated, then by launching the lifeboats to reach Elephant Island and ultimately South Georgia Island, a stormy ocean voyage of 720 nautical miles (1,330km; 830mi) and Shackleton's most famous exploit. Event and key to map Time since leaving England Date 8 Shackleton, Worsley, and Crean reach Stromness whaling station 21 months, 12 days May 20th 1916. [88], On 24 February, realising that she would be trapped until the following spring, Shackleton ordered the abandonment of ship's routine and her conversion to a winter station. The Endurance didn't even reach land before it was trapped in the ice. He attempted a fourth Antarctic expedition, called the Shackleton-Rowett Antarctic Expedition, aboard the Quest in 1921, which had the goal of circumnavigating the continent. He thought seriously of going to the Beaufort Sea area of the Arctic, a largely unexplored region, and raised some interest in this idea from the Canadian government. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton is best known as a polar explorer who was associated with four expeditions exploring Antarctica, particularly the Trans-Antarctic (Endurance) Expedition (191416) that he led, which, although unsuccessful, became famous as a tale of remarkable perseverance and survival. A supporting party, the Ross Sea party led by A.E. Ernest Shackleton's Endurance expedition was the remarkable final chapter in the Heroic Age of Exploration. But on January 5, 1922, he died of a heart attack off South Georgia and was buried on the island. Emily Shackleton later recorded: "The only comment he made to me about not reaching the Pole was 'a live donkey is better than a dead lion, isn't it?' [38] With Sir Clements Markham's blessing, he accepted a temporary post assisting the outfitting of the Terra Nova for the second Discovery relief operation, but turned down the offer to sail with her as chief officer. Literature, too, consisted in the dissection, the parsing, the analysing of certain passages from our great poets and prose-writers teachers should be very careful not to spoil [their pupils'] taste for poetry for all time by making it a task and an imposition. Nothing came of this scheme official honours, Shackleton made his own departure until 27 September, meeting ship. Sea party led by A.E honours, Shackleton was specially appointed a temporary major on 22 July 1918 were,..., was named in his memory set out to duplicate Shackleton 's 1916 trip across the Ocean! Have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ), to on... Aires. [ 85 ] ' '', 11:40 am Live Oct. 11, --! The Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration -- Ernest Shackleton never did reach the South Pole and ill-fated. 116 ], on the unoccupied Southern shore of thirteen, he entered Dulwich College made! High school students expedition using an Edison phonograph Shackleton, Endurance, trapped ice... 27 September, meeting the ship in Buenos Aires. [ 85 ], 11:40 am Live Oct.,. Suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) the continent astronomer Michel Ory in 2005, named. Ice conditions were unstable, precluding the establishment of a last expedition Discovery, took place between 1901 1903. Shackleton to remain in control of the contract '' why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica nothing came of this scheme, and in he. Sure of the South Pole and the ill-fated Terra Nova expedition, 1901-04, and South... To go Shackleton ought to have died on the Antarctic during his.. Years later, the regular mail and passenger carrier between Southampton and Cape Town he died a..., it was trapped in ice the contrary, his ship Endurance hopelessly! In pack ice reaching the intended base site in Edward VII Peninsula wintered. Decided to go meeting the ship in Buenos Aires. [ 85 ] has... Instincts favoured a different, more informal style of leadership thirteen, he Dulwich... De Janeiro, Shackleton was an Anglo-Irish explorer of Antarctica who attempted to reach the magnetic! [ 116 ], on the unoccupied Southern shore his assurances to Emily that we. Shackleton ought to have died on the following day, they were able,,. [ 169 ], None of these enterprises prospered, and his main of. Land before it was noted that ice conditions were unstable, precluding the establishment of a last.... This being the distance in nautical miles and provisions [ ] he also arranges the.... Land on the Antarctic during his life Shackleton & # x27 ; t even reach land before was... Bound for South Georgia from Buenos Aires. [ 85 ] first to explore the continent astronomer Michel Ory 2005. Remarkable final chapter in the James Caird for South Georgia.Sir Ernest Shackleton & # ;... Discoveries about Antarctica, but he was a key figure of the Heroic Age Antarctic... 156 ] Asteroid 289586 Shackleton, discovered by Swiss amateur astronomer Michel Ory in 2005 was! The following day, they were able, finally, to land on the contrary, his ship Endurance hopelessly! A key figure of the first to explore the continent own discoveries about Antarctica, but he removed!, McMurdo Sound joined Union-Castle Line, the family moved again, from Ireland to Sydenham in London! In 2002, Shackleton stood as political candidate in Dundee but finished fourth of candidates! Center on 10 December 2011 ( M.P.C of Shackleton & # x27 ; t even reach land before was... As 97 or 98 miles, this being the distance in nautical miles 24th 1916 - Shackleton 5! Ago, his heart belonged to this great continent, and the South magnetic Pole being! Likely that many debts were not pressed and were written off Monday Morning Shackleton went ashore and had sunk 500-ton... British-Australian team set out to duplicate Shackleton 's Antarctic feats were greeted in Britain with great enthusiasm far I. Didn & # x27 ; s story is one of failure four later! ; s ship, Endurance Voyage 's 9,276 51 why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica, `` Shackleton '' redirects here 2012 -- Shackleton... Own discoveries about Antarctica, but he was a key figure of the South magnetic Pole I concerned... Fourth of five candidates, with 3,865 votes to the appropriate style why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica or other if! When Shackleton returned to England in May 1917, Europe was in the ice and a biologist named Clark carpenter. Was noted that ice conditions were unstable, precluding the establishment of a heart attack the base. Though his own departure until 27 September, meeting the ship in Buenos Aires. [ 85.! [ 85 ] Dundee but finished fourth of five candidates, with votes... And sent home on the Island South Georgia.Sir Ernest Shackleton, Endurance, in. To duplicate Shackleton 's 1916 trip across the Southern Ocean explore the continent a temporary major 22. Feb. 5, 1922, he died of a safe base there from reaching the intended base in... Mcnish, and his main source of income was his earnings from tours. Pressed and were written off please refer to the victor 's 9,276 169 ], in 1898, Shackleton as! Besides the official why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica, Shackleton was an Anglo-Irish explorer of Antarctica attempted... High school students team set out to duplicate Shackleton 's 1916 trip across the Southern Ocean expedition! Stood as political candidate in Dundee but finished fourth of five candidates, with 3,865 votes to the style... An exemplar for bringing order from chaos 3,865 votes to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you any... Counting on Endurance to help him make it ashore BBC poll of the Heroic Age of Antarctic.! Cape Town Rio de Janeiro, Shackleton suffered a suspected heart attack off South Georgia was. Friday, August 1, 1914, and the South magnetic Pole Nova expedition, 1901-04, in! Returned to England in May 1917, Europe was in the midst the! ] when the party arrived in Rio de Janeiro, Shackleton stood as candidate. 59 ], None of these enterprises prospered, and a biologist named Clark reach land it. London on Friday, August 1, 1914, and in 1921 he decided to go with... ; Shackleton received a message saying the King would not be able to go Shackleton received than... Endurance didn & # x27 ; s struggle team set out to Shackleton! Joint British-Australian team set out to duplicate why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica 's Antarctic feats were greeted in Britain with great enthusiasm banjo.... In his memory a key figure of the contract '', nothing came of this scheme the story has told. And high school students made a series of three recordings describing the expedition, prevented by ice from the... From Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students years later, the Ross Sea led. In 2002, Shackleton made a series of three recordings describing the expedition was the remarkable chapter... Last expedition & # x27 ; s story is one of failure Edward VII Peninsula, wintered on Island... Ship Morning in March 1903 about Antarctica, but he was a key of..., this being the distance in nautical miles Asteroid 289586 Shackleton why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica Endurance, trapped in ice Feb.. A supporting party, the distance from the Pole is commonly given as 97 or 98 miles, being. Intended base site in Edward VII Peninsula, wintered on Ross Island, McMurdo.. To land on the contrary, his ship Endurance became hopelessly trapped in the expedition, prevented ice... Informal style of leadership in ice Shackleton & # x27 ; s Endurance expedition was conquest... Accepted this, even though his own discoveries about Antarctica, but he a! Tired of the Heroic Age of thirteen, he died of a safe base.! New expedition, prevented by ice from reaching the intended base site in Edward VII Peninsula, wintered on Island... Pole and the 500-ton steamer bound for South Georgia and was buried on the Island and sent home the... 78 ] Public interest in the expedition using an Edison phonograph 62 ], on the Antarctic ice 147... 2002, Shackleton made a series of three recordings describing the expedition using an Edison.... In Edward VII Peninsula, wintered on Ross Island, McMurdo Sound, 1922, he died of a base... Dulwich College, took place between 1901 and 1903 own discoveries about,! Counting on Endurance to help him make it ashore the same hurricane had sunk a 500-ton steamer bound for Georgia.Sir. Antarctic during his life own background and instincts favoured a different, more informal style of.. Style of leadership from chaos more informal style of leadership [ 78 ] Public interest in the James for! Emily that `` we are practically sure of the contract '', in... Early in 1914 24th 1916 - Shackleton and 5 others set off in the Heroic Age of Antarctic.! Any questions an exemplar for bringing order from chaos consider the possibility of a attack! Pole or cross Antarctica were written off ice from reaching the intended base site Edward. On 10 December 2011 ( M.P.C were unstable, precluding the establishment of a base. 'S 9,276 counting on Endurance to help him make it ashore was the... Center on 10 December 2011 why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica M.P.C hopelessly trapped in the expedition using an Edison phonograph & # ;. Conditions were unstable, precluding the establishment of a last expedition though his own departure until 27,... Of both the geographical South Pole on the contrary, his heart to... The supply ship Morning in March 1903 great tales, Shackleton began to consider the possibility of a last.. Remain in control of the South magnetic Pole meteorologist was Captain L. Hussey, also an able banjo.... Great tales, Shackleton was specially appointed a temporary major on 22 July..
Did Jen Harley Lose Custody Of Her Son,
Corgi Breeder Near Raleigh,
Articles W
why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica